userspace: add a performance test

app/boards/intel_adsp_ace30_ptl.conf

@@ -74,4 +74,4 @@ CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_ALLOC=y
 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_PREFER_ALLOC=y
 CONFIG_SOF_STACK_SIZE=8192
 CONFIG_SOF_USERSPACE_PROXY=y
-CONFIG_MAX_THREAD_BYTES=3
+CONFIG_MAX_THREAD_BYTES=4

app/debug_overlay.conf

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ CONFIG_ASSERT=y
 
 CONFIG_ZTEST_NO_YIELD=n
 CONFIG_ZTEST_SUMMARY=n
+CONFIG_ZTEST_TEST_DELAY_MS=1
 CONFIG_SOF_BOOT_TEST_ALLOWED=y
 CONFIG_TEST_EXTRA_STACK_SIZE=7168
 

app/overlays/ptl/userspace_overlay.conf

@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ CONFIG_MAX_THREAD_BYTES=4
 
 CONFIG_INIT_STACKS=n
 CONFIG_THREAD_STACK_INFO=n
-CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_PREFER_ALLOC=y
+CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_PREFER_POOL=y
+CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_PREFER_ALLOC=n
 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD=y
 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_POOL_SIZE=4
 CONFIG_DYNAMIC_THREAD_ALLOC=n

zephyr/test/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ if(CONFIG_SOF_BOOT_TEST)
   )
   zephyr_library_sources_ifdef(CONFIG_USERSPACE
     userspace/ksem.c
+    userspace/test_perf.c
   )
 endif()
 

zephyr/test/userspace/test_perf.c

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-3-Clause
+/* Copyright(c) 2026 Intel Corporation. */
+
+/* Test kernel vs. user-space performance. */
+
+#include <sof/boot_test.h>
+#include <rtos/alloc.h>
+
+#include <zephyr/kernel.h>
+#include <zephyr/ztest.h>
+#include <zephyr/logging/log.h>
+
+LOG_MODULE_DECLARE(sof_boot_test, LOG_LEVEL_DBG);
+
+static int load_add(void)
+{
+#define N_ADD (1000 * 1000 * 100)
+	unsigned long r = 0;
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < N_ADD; i++)
+		r += i;
+#define N_DIV 10000
+	for (unsigned int i = 1; i <= N_DIV; i++)
+		r = r / (i % 10 + 1) * (i % 10 + 3);
+	return (int)r;
+}
+
+#ifdef __XCC__
+#include <xtensa/tie/xt_hifi4.h>
+
+/* Compute dot product of two vectors using HiFi4 SIMD instructions */
+static int32_t dot_product_hifi4(const int16_t *a, const int16_t *b, int length)
+{
+	ae_int64 acc = AE_ZERO64();		/* 1. Initialize accumulator to zero */
+	ae_int16x4 *pa = (ae_int16x4 *)a;	/* Pointer to vector a */
+	ae_int16x4 *pb = (ae_int16x4 *)b;	/* Pointer to vector b */
+
+	for (int i = 0; i < length / 4; i++) {
+		ae_int16x4 va, vb;
+
+		AE_L16X4_IP(va, pa, 8);		/* 2. Load 4x 16-bit values from a */
+		AE_L16X4_IP(vb, pb, 8);		/* 3. Load 4x 16-bit values from b */
+		AE_MULAAAAQ16(acc, va, vb);	/* 4. Multiply-accumulate (4 MACs in parallel) */
+	}
+
+	return AE_TRUNCA32F64S(acc, 0);		/* 5. Convert 64-bit result to 32-bit */
+}
+
+#define VECTOR_LENGTH 100
+static int load_hifi4(void)
+{
+	uint16_t a[VECTOR_LENGTH], b[VECTOR_LENGTH];
+	int ret = 0;
+
+	for (unsigned int j = 0; j < 1000; j++) {
+		for (unsigned int i = 0; i < VECTOR_LENGTH; i++) {
+			a[i] = i * 3 - 47 * j;
+			b[i] = 411 * j - i * 5;
+		}
+
+		ret += dot_product_hifi4(a, b, VECTOR_LENGTH);
+	}
+	return ret;
+}
+#endif /* __XCC__ */
+
+typedef int (*load_fn_t)(void);
+
+load_fn_t load_fn[] = {
+	load_add,
+#ifdef __XCC__
+	load_hifi4,
+#endif
+};
+
+static unsigned int test_perf(load_fn_t fn, struct k_event *event,
+			      struct k_sem *sem)
+{
+	uint64_t start = k_uptime_ticks();
+
+	k_event_set(event, (uint32_t)fn);
+
+	int ret = k_sem_take(sem, K_MSEC(200));
+
+	zassert_ok(ret);
+
+	uint64_t end = k_uptime_ticks();
+
+	return (unsigned int)(end - start);
+}
+
+static void thread_fn(void *p1, void *p2, void *p3)
+{
+	struct k_event *event = p1;
+	struct k_sem *sem = p2;
+	bool first = true;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		load_fn_t fn = (load_fn_t)k_event_wait(event, 0xffffffff, !first, K_FOREVER);
+
+		first = false;
+		LOG_INF("fn %p ret %d", (void *)fn, fn());
+
+		k_sem_give(sem);
+	}
+}
+
+#define STACK_SIZE 4096
+
+ZTEST(sof_boot, test_perf)
+{
+	/* Synchronization objects allocated on original uncached heap */
+	struct k_event *u_event = k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_EVENT);
+	struct k_event *k_event = k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_EVENT);
+
+	zassert_not_null(u_event);
+	zassert_not_null(k_event);
+
+	k_event_init(u_event);
+	k_event_init(k_event);
+
+	struct k_sem *sem = k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_SEM);
+
+	zassert_not_null(sem);
+	k_sem_init(sem, 0, 1);
+
+	/* Allocate kernel stack and thread and start it */
+	struct k_thread *k_thread = k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD);
+
+	zassert_not_null(k_thread);
+	/* Important: Xtensa thread initialization code checks certain fields for 0 */
+	memset(&k_thread->arch, 0, sizeof(k_thread->arch));
+
+	k_thread_stack_t *k_stack = k_thread_stack_alloc(STACK_SIZE, 0);
+
+	zassert_not_null(k_stack);
+
+	struct k_thread *pk_thread = k_thread_create(k_thread, k_stack, STACK_SIZE, thread_fn,
+						     k_event, sem, NULL, 0, 0, K_FOREVER);
+
+	k_thread_start(pk_thread);
+
+	/* Allocate userspace stack and thread and start it */
+	struct k_thread *u_thread = k_object_alloc(K_OBJ_THREAD);
+
+	zassert_not_null(u_thread);
+	memset(&u_thread->arch, 0, sizeof(u_thread->arch));
+
+	k_thread_stack_t *u_stack = k_thread_stack_alloc(STACK_SIZE, K_USER);
+
+	zassert_not_null(u_stack);
+
+	struct k_thread *pu_thread = k_thread_create(u_thread, u_stack, STACK_SIZE, thread_fn,
+						     u_event, sem, NULL, 0, K_USER, K_FOREVER);
+
+	zassert_not_null(pu_thread);
+	k_thread_access_grant(pu_thread, u_event, sem);
+	k_thread_start(pu_thread);
+
+	for (unsigned int i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(load_fn); i++) {
+		LOG_INF("user: fn %p took %u", load_fn[i], test_perf(load_fn[i], u_event, sem));
+		LOG_INF("kernel: fn %p took %u", load_fn[i], test_perf(load_fn[i], k_event, sem));
+	}
+
+	k_thread_abort(pu_thread);
+	k_thread_stack_free(u_stack);
+	k_thread_abort(pk_thread);
+	k_thread_stack_free(k_stack);
+	k_object_free(sem);
+	k_object_free(u_event);
+	k_object_free(k_event);
+}