Fixed issue where Pandera cannot handle metadata through Annotated types

[NGHades]

Problem

This PR addresses issue #2110, which we (@kevJ711 and @KViruz2750) identified while working with Annotated types in conjunction with pa.Field(...).

Description

When defining schema models using Annotated along with pa.Field(...), metadata such as description, unique, and title was not being correctly propagated into the resulting DataFrameModel.

Solution

We introduced a more rigorous check for parsing Annotated types to ensure that any AnnotationInfo attached to a type is correctly handled and its metadata extracted. This change allows the model to capture and utilize metadata as expected.

Additionally, we observed that certain built-in types (str, int, float, bool) do not support parameterization. To prevent issues when handling these types, we added a check that safely returns an empty metadata dictionary for them.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 66.66667% with 6 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 83.83%. Comparing base (71255eb) to head (b874075).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pandera/api/dataframe/model.py	77.77%	2 Missing ⚠️
pandera/api/pandas/model.py	66.66%	2 Missing ⚠️
pandera/api/pyspark/model.py	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #2111      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   83.86%   83.83%   -0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         137      137              
  Lines       10607    10620      +13     
==========================================
+ Hits         8896     8903       +7     
- Misses       1711     1717       +6     

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[cosmicBboy]

thanks for the contribution @NGHades ! looks like there are a few failing tests. you can repro this locally using nox, see here: https://pandera.readthedocs.io/en/stable/CONTRIBUTING.html#run-a-specific-test-suite-locally

[ybressler]

Would be useful to provide an inline comment here, why you're retrieving the first item